Land Report Case Study: Hearst Ranch

Thinking outside the box landed this California beef producer’s entire herd inside Whole Foods.

BY HENRY CHAPPELL
PHOTOGRAPHY BY RICHARD FIELD LEVINE, STEVE MILLER + ALEXANDER VERTIKOFF
The Piedra Blanca Rancho lords over the Pacific roughly halfway between San Francisco and Los Angeles. Grassland, native oaks, and chaparral cover its gentle slopes. Coastal prairie extends from the foothills to the cliffs above San Simeon Bay. Rainfall runs up to 20 inches at sea level, and as much as 40 inches at higher elevations. Streams flow year-round from the Santa Lucias, a coastal mountain range running parallel to the ocean’s waters. During the warmer months, dense fog is a constant feature along the scenic shoreline.
“A lot of emotion goes with the San Simeon property,” says Steve Hearst. “The family loves it just the way it is. They don’t want to see changes. Our president once said he bought a newspaper for $500 million and got a call from a single family member. He had a fence painted on the ranch and got 18 calls. We maintain and restore buildings, but we don’t want them changed. All of us in the family, whenever we drive through the gates at San Simeon, we feel like we’re home.”
At its heart, San Simeon and its sister operation, the Jack Ranch, are traditional cattle outfits. In the winter, breeder bulls are turned out with cows. Calves drop in the fall. The following winter, mother cows and calves are rounded up for vaccinations.
Gentle handling helps familiarize the calves with humans. It also minimizes the stress they endure. The newly branded calves are quickly reunited with their mothers and then moved into low-intensity grazing rotations that protect native range. Inland pastures are grazed first to allow coastal pastures time to mature for summer and fall grazing. Calves aren’t weaned until summer, when they’d naturally wean themselves.
After weaning, steers and heifers are moved to the choicest pastures to put on weight. The specific locations are selected based on rainfall and recent grazing history. About 1,400 acres of irrigated pasture provide insurance against the ever-present threat of drought. Once the cattle reach about 1,200 pounds – ideally around the 18-month mark – they are moved to a facility certified for humane processing. Hearst Ranch has earned numerous humane handling certifications through the Global Animal Partnership.
This time-tested plan has been developed and improved by generations of Hearst Ranch cowboys and family members over the past 150 years.
“We’re letting cows be cows, and giving them plenty of room to do it,” says Steve Hearst, the fifth-generation family member who runs Hearst Corporation’s ranching and timber operations as well as its real estate interests in San Francisco and Southern California.
In addition to San Simeon, the family’s name for the historic 83,000-acre Piedra Blanca Rancho that surrounds Hearst Castle, the properties include the 73,000-acre Jack Ranch in Paso Robles and 61,000 acres of timberlands in Northern California.
“I came over after 25 years at newspapers and, as a family member, had the privilege of growing up on these ranches and getting to play on them and also work alongside some of the cowboys with brandings and so forth,” Steve says.

His arrival heralded an era of momentous change, one whose initial focus was to develop a conservation easement for San Simeon. At 128 square miles, it is five times Manhattan’s size, and it boasts miles of breathtaking Pacific Ocean frontage.
“The conservation deal is something that required some pretty heavy lifting at the beginning because of all of the battles with the Coastal Commission over certain developmental opportunities at the ranch on the coast with some resorts and golf courses and so forth. I think we were fairly villainized, unreasonably so, but very villainized by some extremist environmental organizations and independent rock throwers from the local communities.”
In addition, there was another major constituency to take into consideration: the members of his own family.
“This ranch obviously has a place in every family member’s heart. During the five years I was negotiating the conservation easement that closed in 2005, I was often heard to say that regardless of where any family member lives in the world, whenever they drive through the gates at San Simeon, they all think they’re home. And that’s very, very true,” he says.
“Ultimately, we convinced everybody that it was a good thing, and we reserved the right to build 27 owner homes and a small inn on San Simeon Bay. We haven’t built any of the homes, and we haven’t built the inn. We’ve got the rights to do it, and ultimately, with the growing family, I’m sure that some houses on the property are going to be necessary and desired,” Steve says.
The California Rangeland Trust monitors the San Simeon easement. Founded in 1998, the trust is an organization established by cattlemen and cattlewomen “to conserve the open space, natural habitat, and stewardship provided by California’s ranches.”

“They actually understand ranching and understand emergency needs of getting across creeks and rivers. They understand drought conditions and that the grazing may be a little bit more intense in those periods.” They understand those kinds of things, and they come and supervise the easement twice a year on site,” Steve says.
Another major initiative got underway in 2010 when Steve invited a delegation from Whole Foods to tour San Simeon.
“A lot of operations claim to offer grass-fed beef, but they’re actually finishing their cattle on organic corn or something like that. We finish Hearst Ranch Beef exclusively on native rangeland or our irrigated pastures. That’s it,” Steve says.
In addition, Hearst Ranch Beef is completely free of antibiotics. If an animal needs to be treated, it then gets an ear tag and is subsequently removed from the beef program.
The response from Whole Foods to this approach was thoroughly positive. A contract was signed within 30 days. “The ranch is a great home court advantage, second only to the Oval Office,” Steve says.
Hearst Ranch provides Whole Foods approximately 1,000 head, on a seasonal basis, from Memorial Day to Labor, a span that cattlemen refer to as the summer grilling season. Thanks to this arrangement, Hearst Ranch is now the nation’s largest single-source supplier of free-range, all-natural, grass-fed and grass-finished beef.
The majority of this production can be found at Whole Foods Markets in Santa Barbara, Santa Monica, Los Angeles, and other cities in Southern California. Closer to home, the Whole Foods Market in nearby San Luis Obispo is another venue. So are restaurants along the Central Coast, in the Bay Area, and as far afield as New York at cafe57 in the Hearst Tower.
“The ranches are in better shape than they’ve been in for a long time due to our relationship with Whole Foods,” Steve says emphatically.
This long-term commitment to such high standards led the California Beef Cattle Improvement Association to name Hearst Ranch the Commercial Producer of the Year.

In 1865, George Hearst bought the 50,000 acres of ranchland along San Simeon Bay that form the bedrock of Hearst Ranches. As one of the original investors in the Comstock Lode, the Missouri native no doubt considered himself to be a miner, not a rancher. The coastal property was an investment, a nest egg for his wife, Phoebe, and their young son, Willie. In his memoirs, George mentioned that he had become “somewhat interested in stock raising … but that the land is not very valuable because it is too boggy.”
After George’s death in 1891, Will (as he was then called) poured his energies into his growing media empire. In 1903, a day shy of his 40th birthday, he married 21-year-old Millicent Willison, a former vaudeville performer. The arrival of five sons between 1904 and 1915 brought Will back home to San Simeon for he made sure that his boys knew the pleasures of camping, fishing, hiking, and riding in the same hills that he had loved as a child and as a young man.
In 1919, Phoebe died of Spanish flu. Not long afterward, Will contacted Julia Morgan about “building a little something”at San Simeon. The rest is history.
A prolific architect based in San Francisco, Julia was also a pioneer, the first woman admitted to the prestigious École des
Beaux-Arts in Paris.
In addition, she was also one of the few Americans to complete the rigorous course of study. She had already undertaken several projects for the family, including a swimming pool for Phoebe at her 4,000-acre Pleasanton ranch and the headquarters of the Los Angeles Examiner for Will.
The two engaged in initial discussions, and Julia decided to open Job 503 – the San Simeon project. Brief lulls notwithstanding, this job remained open for more than three decades, the remainder of Will Hearst’s life.
From groundbreaking in 1920, until his death, Will maintained complete confidence in his chief architect. Julia designed hay barns, dairies, poultry farms, dams, bridges, fish ladders, walls, airplane hangars, employee quarters, animal pens, and, of course, the Hearst Castle. She laid out hundreds of miles of backcountry roads and took responsibility for hiring and firing construction managers. More than 1,000 letters and some 9,000 drawings make clear that Hearst, creative in his own right, indefatigable, and forceful, usually heeded Julia’s advice. Every design decision, every improvement to existing structures, sought a balance of functionality, beauty, and harmony with the land and the region’s aesthetic traditions.
W.R. Hearst died in 1951. Six years later, the Hearst Corporation and Hearst family donated the hilltop buildings and 20 coastal acres to the State of California’s Department of Beaches and Parks. In 1958, Hearst San Simeon State Historical Monument opened to the public.

Since then, the 165-room Hearst Castle has welcomed tens of millions of visitors to its 127 acres. Yet few realize that the surrounding ranchland is being nurtured and worked just as it was during W.R. Hearst’s lifetime – and his father’s.
Says Steve Hearst, “We took the position that we’re going to be in the cattle business for a long time. We’ve owned these ranches forever, and we plan to own them forever, so working together with our partners at Whole Foods, we said, ‘Look, if it comes down to protecting our resource, we may have to go with fewer head to you. But we’ll do everything we can.’ And I’ll tell you the kind of partner that Whole Foods is. They said, ‘Show us the numbers.’ And they’re sharing in our pain a little bit, which was very helpful. They are great partners to have. I have a world of respect for their team that we’ve been doing business with.”
Hearst Corporation is a global concern with immense reach: 24 daily newspapers and 60 weeklies; 25 magazine titles in the US and close to 300 overseas; two radio stations and more than 30 television stations; and a myriad of interests in numerous other ventures.
Yet one asset stands above all.
Says Steve Hearst, “I think everybody around my board table – even though they’re all talking about newspapers, magazines, broadcasts, and business publications, syndication, and so forth – they all understand that this property in San Simeon is the feeder route to the Hearst family history in California.”